O conceito de alienação nos Manuscritos econômico-filosóficos, de Karl Marx

Abstract

Based on the analysis of Karl Marx s Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844, known as the Manuscripts of Paris, this thesis aims at interpreting the Marxian category of alienation, in the light of its ontological genesis. Marx conceives man as an objective being, the condition of human existence ingrained in the primary determination of objectivation of the individuals, labor being the essential objectivation, through which man can become, effectively, man, and build the human world. However, Marx inaugurates, in the Manuscripts, the analysis of man and human society, his/ its production and reproduction, from some determined domineering means of production in certain period of history. Under such specific historical conditions, where the relations between labor and capital evolve, labor appears in an inverted manner, as a non-realization and non-fulfillment of the laborer. It is the alienation of labor which determines reflexes in all sectors of human life, and which promotes the alienation of society. Man alienated from nature, from himself, from life in general, and from man himself, in a relation of opposition, in which alienation generates estrangement. Although they are distinct categories, alienation and estrangement are inter-related in the constitution process of the social being and society, in the Marxian analysis. The positive overcoming of this historic frame appears only in the Manuscripts, which highlights Communism as the resulting movement of history itself