Refúgio no Brasil: análise histórica das políticas migratórias diante do fluxo de refugiados afegãos

Abstract

This study delves into the subject of refuge in Brazil, conducting a historical analysis of migration policies in response to the influx of Afghan refugees. It examines migration policies throughout Brazil's history to the present day, scrutinizing their impact on documentation regularization and local integration of various migratory flows, with a focus on the most recent one originating from Afghanistan. The research highlights the role played by the Brazilian state in the migratory sphere, drawing on works by authors specialized in refuge and migration. Additionally, it raises pertinent questions about the granting of refuge as a political instrument, considering its international humanitarian dimension. Therefore, the study incorporates observations from field research and interviews to enrich the analysis and provide a more comprehensive understanding of this theme. Among the conclusions, there is a notable gap in the state's initiative to implement public policies for the local integration of refugees, including Afghans, transferring this responsibility to civil society. Furthermore, relevant questions emerge regarding the political nature of refuge granted to Afghans in Brazil, prompting reflections on the underlying interests behind the existing laws. This study represents a contribution to future research on the Afghan flow to Brazil, an unprecedented and highly significant phenomenon in the current national context. Additionally, it seeks to enhance the understanding of the refuge scenario in Brazil, stimulating discussions about public policies aimed at the protection and integration within the immigration context