Energia eólica e sustentabilidade ESG: desafios e impactos

Abstract

This paper aims to analyze the development and challenges of the wind energy sector in Brazil, focusing on its economic, environmental, and social implications, as well as the role of ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) practices in strengthening this sector. Through a bibliographic review, technological advancements, government incentives, and the socio-environmental impacts of wind energy were explored in comparison with other renewable energy sources, such as solar and hydropower. The study highlights the economic competitiveness of wind energy, particularly in regions like the Brazilian Northeast, and its social benefits, such as job creation and regional development. However, critical challenges are also addressed, including wind intermittency, the need for energy storage solutions, impacts on wildlife, and land conflicts. It concludes that despite the advances, the wind sector requires solid governance, continuous technological innovation, and effective public policies to ensure its sustainable and balanced growth