Revisão conceitual sobre neoextrativismo na América Latina e o caso do mercado aurífero como fator explicativo

Abstract

The concept of neoextractivism encompasses a contemporary and complex phenomenon that seeks to criticize and analyze social relations under neoliberal capitalism. The aim of this article is to demonstrate important points about the concept of neoextractivism and to correlate it with the international gold market in order to understand the broad dynamics of financial capitalism and its role in different Latin American experiences. The States that composes what is known as the “Pink Tide” have sought to expand different sources of financial resources that are connected to large chains of extraction and export of commodities, with the aim of legitimizing and directing the surplus and creating social policies aimed at redistributing income and alleviating poverty. The results obtained from this systematization are understood at a time when the price of commodities on the international market is a determining factor for social relations and this demonstrates the importance and relevance of the debate on neoextractivism for understanding global, national and local phenomena. With the theoretical support of classic authors such as Uruguayan author Eduardo Gudynas, Ecuadorian author Alberto Acosta and Argentinian author Maristella Svampa, it is of interest to compose an understanding of extractivism and neoextractivism, as well as the correlation of this practice with gold extraction, which is demonstrated through a qualitative analysis of the international gold market